What Exactly Is Leadership Coaching - 1617 Words

What Exactly Is Leadership Coaching? In the broadest sense, whenever you are working with someone acting in a coaching or mentoring capacity in an ongoing relationship to; raise your awareness, grow as a human being, develop your leadership skills and effectiveness, work through some of the common challenges managers and leaders face, close gaps between where you are now and where you want to be, translate goals into specific actions, change behavior, increase the impact you are having, and generally get better results - you could be considered to be engaged in some form of leadership coaching. Who Seeks Coaching Most clients that come to leadership coaching tend to be proactive and take their growth and development seriously. They are†¦show more content†¦(I know quite a few very effective and successful coaches who have no background in business or organization life, yet manage to add great value to their clients.) On the other end of the spectrum, there are many coaches who are not only well-trained in the core coaching skills, but also have dozens of other qualifications and/or relevant personal experience in leadership issues. Let s call this the expertise end of the spectrum. These coaches typically have training in a wide variety of assessments, team intervention protocols, or other specific competencies of common interest to leaders or their organizations. At this end of the spectrum, coaching is often kicked off with some form of assessment, or more elaborate intake process, which sets the learning agenda for the subsequent coaching. In my experience the majority of leadership coaches fall somewhere in the middle of the spectrum. Here, in addition to being well-trained, they typically do have some relevant experience as a leader, and often have accumulated additional knowledge on topics of frequent interest to their leadership clients such as: common leadership models and competencies, leadership and communication styles, team development, confidence building, stress management, etc. However, here in the middle of the spectrum coaches may not lead with assessments or have as much of a prescriptive approach. Typically the majority of leadership coaches tend to meet whatever agenda a client brings toShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles And Types Of Leadership Style Essay1040 Words   |  5 Pagesnot resting on what they already achieved in the past. Leadership is a procedure by which a man impacts others to fulfill a target and coordinates the association in a way that makes it more strong and rational. There are different types of leadership style and all the types have their own strategies and characteristics. 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Effective leadership cares about their employees and want to train and develop them, soRead MoreEssay on Ethical Principles1469 Words   |  6 PagesEthical P rinciples John Durham III PSY/305 March 7, 2016 Dr. Daven Salmi Ethical Principles Introduction The ethical issue that I chose to examine was an article about the relationship between ethical and abusive coaching behaviors and student-athlete well-being. I found this article very interesting because not a lot of people are aware of the ethical issues that have been and are currently going on in the athletic background. Believe it or not there are many ethical issues that relateRead MoreOrganizational Culture : Multiple Characteristics That Differentiates It From Another Organization1576 Words   |  7 Pagesso it had been eliminated as a required vaccine. To this day it is wondered exactly what was being administered during those recorded anthrax vaccines. 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Daft (2015) describes individualized leadership as, â€Å"a leader thatRead MoreCase Analysis2674 Words   |  3 PagesCoach Mike Krzyzewski (Coach K.) and Coach Robert Knight (Coach Knight) were two of the most winning and successful coaches to ever coach basketball. These men are not just known for their record wins, but for their unique leadership. They each had a unique way of leading their teams. Coach Knight was Indiana University’s head basketball coach and became a legend there. Coach K. was the head coach at Duke University since 1980. A fact of interest , both of these two men knew each other in an earlierRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Good Coach Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Development and Professionalism The coach tirelessly pursues personal education, formally and informally, both in the performance related sciences and in liberal arts. He sees the journey to coaching excellence as a never ending story; seen not only in terms of a chosen sport and coaching theory and practice, but in understanding how to successfully live a balanced and full life, while facing tougher and tougher challenges in the chosen field of endeavour. 4. Mentally Tough The coachRead MorePersonal Narrative : Graduate Selection Committee Essay1517 Words   |  7 Pagesfour years coaching, I’ve understood the need to be a lifelong learner. When I got my bachelor’s degree, or when I attempted to run my first drills as a football coach, it amazed me how much I still had to learn, even if I was qualified to do the job. I try to practice this in my math classroom, as I continually try to improve my craft. Now in my second year I now trend more towards mastery learning, and standards-based grading. My reasoning behind this is my experiences with coaching. 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Othello, By William Shakespeare Essay - 1203 Words

The Dramatic play entitled Othello is an unusual story full of jealousy, dark misunderstandings, lies, and regrets. Following Aristotle s definition of a true tragedy, where does the tale of Othello fall? Is Othello too dramatic too be considered a tragedy or does it barely fall along the lines of tragic? Shakespeare s innovation with poetry and dramatic plays have been recognized by critics and playgoers throughout the centuries (Lee,1899). The Bard s play entitled Othello, is among some of the most acknowledged pieces of the medieval ages. It is the consuming and destructive power of passion that marks the superiority of Shakespeare s work over that of his fellow writers, according to Crawford in his article on Shakespearean dramas(Crawford, 1916). A consuming and destructive power is quite prevalent throughout the drama of Othello. It is the destruction of lies. The play is comprised of many characters, but Shakespeare mainly keeps his audience s attention on three people: Othello, Desdemona, and Iago. Othello, of course, is the main character and the husband to Desdemona. Othello also has a history of being a general in the venetian military. It is this history of militia that connects his acquaintance with Iago. Apparently, Othello did not grant Iago with a promotion which in-turn, causes Iago to have his turn upon him(Shakespeare,1604). Iago s plan for revenge begins to take form once he discovers Othello s marriage to Desdemona. Iago plans to convinceShow MoreRelatedOthello, By William Shakespeare957 Words   |  4 Pagesinnocent person kills himself while not knowing the truth. The best example of that would be the play Othello by the great William Shakespeare. As little as a handkerchief could make a difference if it is a symbol for something. In the play Othello by Shakespeare, handkerchief is first introduced by Othello to his beautiful mistress, Desdemona, as a sign of their love. At the end of the play what gets Othello to take extreme measures by the location of the handkerchief. As the symbol of the handkerchiefRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despiteRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change to ward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare894 Words   |  4 Pagesthose that which occurred in Othello written by William Shakespeare. Throughout the play Othello, we see the struggles of a marriage that is not accepted by their society. Othello is a extremely cherished black general living in a primarily white community. The play begins with Othello secretly becoming married to a white woman named Desdemona. This reasons others who are white to become angry and excuse to dislike this black man further more than they already do. Othello is a downward spiral from loveRead MoreOthello by William Shakespeare790 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout Othello by William Shakespeare, Othello makes numerous poor decisions due to his jealousy. Hitting Desdemona, trusting Iago, and killing Desdemona are among a few of the poor decisions that he makes. The word jealous can be defined as feeling or showing suspicion of som eones unfaithfulness in a relationship. Othello feels suspicious of Desdemona’s and Cassio’s relationship because of the lies that Iago tells him. Many people try to tell Othello the truth but he only believes the wordsRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1923 Words   |  8 Pagesdissatisfaction or complication is shown. Firstly in Othello love is presented as ephemeral and transient while atonement love is presented as unrequited and finally in cat on a hot tin roof love is presented as painful and troublesome due to unreciprocated feelings. The tragic plot of Othello hinges on the potential of the villain, Iago, to deceive other characters, above all Roderigo and Othello, through encouraging them to misinterpret what they see. Othello is prone to Iago s ploys seeing that he himselfRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare941 Words   |  4 Pageswas Williams Shakespeare’s play Othello which depicts the tragedy of Othello, a Morris Captain. What is different about Shakespeare play is that the tragic hero is the black Othello and the villain a white Iago. Therefore, Shakespeare depiction of Othello as a tragic character and Iago as a villain, challenges Elizabethan’s stereotypes regarding individuals of African descent. Shakespeare challenges the stereotypical â€Å"type –casting of the black man† in Elizabethan society by depicting Othello asRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1152 Words   |  5 Pages‘Othello’ was a tragedy of incomprehension at the deepest level of human dealings as no one in the play came to an understanding of himself or any of the surrounding characters. The play ‘Othello’ by William Shakespeare focused on tragedy through the anguish of the main character ‘Othello’ which lead to the suffering and death of numerous characters including himself. Appearance Vs. Reality challenged human dealings within the play ‘Othello’ as no-one came to see anyone’s true self and no-one seesRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pagesprofitable in condition of good and immorality. Othello is presented as good and Iago as evil, but Iago and Othello’s relationship also shares a distrust of their wives. The overall logical argument is based on love, jealousy and betrayal between two lovers that ultimately leads to their separation because of Iago’s evil plan. I am using this article to agree with Berry s view on how Iago separates two lovers just so he can take retaliation on Othello by manipulating everyone to unmasking their trueRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1140 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Othello† is a play written by William Shakespeare in 1603. In this play, Shakespeare features three major characters: Othello, Iago, and Desdemona. Othello, a black man, and Desdemona, a white venetian secretly eloped in the play. Iago shows racism and prejudice towards their relationship because of their skin colors. In the play, Iago says: â€Å"Even now, now, very now, an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. Arise, arise! Awake the snorting citizens with the bell, or else the devil will make a

Jhkjjk Free Essays

Current Issues: Gangs 2011, n. p. Copyright @ 2011 ReferencePoint Press, Website: www. We will write a custom essay sample on Jhkjjk or any similar topic only for you Order Now referencepointpress. com. P. O. Box 27779, San Diego, CA 92198. Phone: 858-618-1314. Fax: 858-618-1730. All rights reserved. Current Issues: Gangs By Peggy J. Parks Contents Gangs at a Glance Overview How Serious a Problem Are Gangs? Primary Source Quotes Facts and Illustrations Why Do Young People Join Gangs? Primary Source Quotes Facts and Illustrations Can People Leave the Gang Life Behind? Primary Source Quotes Facts and Illustrations Can Gang Violence Be Stopped? Primary Source Quotes Facts and Illustrations Key People and Advocacy Groups Chronology Related Organizations For Further Research Source Notes About the Author Gangs at a Glance Gangs and Gang Members The U. S. Department of Justice estimates that more than 20,000 gangs with a total of about 1 million members are criminally active in the United States. Gang Migration Gangs are no longer confined to large cities. The FBI states that gang activity is rapidly spreading to outlying suburban and rural communities throughout the United States. Types of Gangs Four main types of gangs identified by the U. S. Department of Justice are street gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, prison gangs, and military gangs. Gangs and Crime Law enforcement officials say that gangs commit a wide range of crimes, including distribution of drugs, weapons trafficking, drive-by shootings, armed robbery, assault, identity theft, and homicide. In many communities gangs are responsible for as much as 80 percent of crime. Cities with Gang Problems The U. S. Department of Justice has identified Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York as the top three cities for the most gangs and gang-related crime. Reasons for Joining Gangs Young people join gangs for many reasons including the desire to belong to a family-like group, protection from rival gangs, the ability to make money (usually from stealing or selling drugs), prestige, and ready access to drugs. Quitting Gangs Whether people are able to leave gangs depends on the particular gang and its rules. Jumping out (being beaten by gang members) is a common way of letting someone out. Some gangs expect their members to remain committed for life and threaten them with death if they try to quit. Fighting Gang Violence In cities throughout the United States, the FBI and state and local law enforcement officials are focusing on the most violent street gangs in an effort to capture their leaders and get them off the streets. Overview â€Å"Gangs are morphing, multiplying, and migrating—entrenching themselves not just in our inner cities but increasingly in our ever-sprawling suburbs and wide-open rural spaces. † —Federal Bureau of Investigation, a law enforcement agency of the U. S. Department of Justice. Gangs and gang-involved kids exist at some level in every community. Certain groups have decided to use violence and retribution, and their acts are affecting all of us. † —Steven D. Strachan, the chief of police of Kent, Washington, a suburb of Seattle. At 16 years old, Melody Ross was thoroughly enjoying life. She had just begun her junior year at Wilson High School in Long Beach, California, where she was an honors student and a pole-vaulte r on the track team. She was popular and known for being friendly, kind, and someone who always had a sunny smile on her face. On the evening of October 30, 2009, Melody and her friends went to their school’s home ­coming football game. After the game ended, the girls left the stadium and were sitting on the curb in front of the school. Suddenly the loud crack of gunshots filled the air. A feud had broken out between members of rival gangs, and they were shooting at each other—with bystanders caught in the crossfire. By the time the violence ended, three people lay on the ground, wounded and bleeding: two men and Melody. Ambulances rushed them to the hospital, where the men were treated for non-life-threatening injuries. Melody, however, was not so fortunate. She died of a severe bullet wound in her side. Her family and friends were devastated, and as a memorial to her, a classmate named Dylan Vassberg created a Facebook page entitled RIP Melody Ross. â€Å"Every kid our age–we don’t ever think we’re going to die,† he says. â€Å"We never think that. We think we’re going to college and we’re going to have a long life and die of old age. Not die because someone decided to shoot a gun. We never think of that. It’s not something that crosses our mind ever. Not even fathomable, really. 1 How Serious a Problem Are Gangs? Although the precise number of gangs and gang members (known as gangbangers) is not known, the U. S. Department of Justice makes estimates based on information it receives from state and local law enforcement officials. In January 2009 the Justice Department’s National Gang Intelligence Center released a report entitled National Gan g Threat Assessment 2009. The report states that more than 20,000 violent gangs with a total of approximately 1 million members were criminally active in the United States as of September 2008. The report’s authors state that â€Å"gangs pose a serious threat to public safety. † They warn that throughout the country, gang activity is rapidly spreading from large cities to outlying suburban and rural areas. This, they predict, will cause gang-related violent crime to remain at high levels and likely increase. They write: â€Å"As these gangs encounter resistance from local gangs or other drug distributors in these communities, an increase in violent incidents such as assaults, drive-by shootings, and homicides can be expected. â€Å"2 The Evolution of Gangs No one knows exactly when gangs first formed, but they are often assumed to have been around for centuries. According to Lou Savelli, who is a retired New York City police sergeant and cofounder of the East Coast Gang Investigators Association, the word thug dates back to India during the 1200s. It is derived from â€Å"Thugz,† an Indian word that referred to a gang of criminals who traveled throughout the country terrorizing towns. Savelli adds that like gangs today, the Thugz had their own symbols, hand signs, slang language, and rituals. Gang activity is thought to have begun in the United States early in the country’s history. Journalist Ed Grabianowski explains: â€Å"Criminal gangs have certainly been around as long as crime itself—it doesn’t take a criminal mastermind to realize there is strength in numbers. The urbanization that accompanied the Industrial Revolution gave rise to the modern street gang. â€Å"3 Throughout the 1800s, as more people immigrated to America from other countries, gangs such as the Monk Eastman Gang and Five Points Gang formed and terrorized the streets of New York. But it was the 1920s that ushered in the heyday of gang activity in the United States because of a notorious gangster named Al Capone, also called Scarface. This was a time known as Prohibition, when the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution made the sale or distribution of alcohol illegal. Supporters hoped the legislation would transform American society for the better, but its effects were quite different from what they expected. Once alcohol was no longer legally available, criminal gangs began to distribute it on the black market. These gangs developed rapidly and continued to grow in power, which caused a steep rise in violent crime. Capone and his gang of criminals were responsible for a wave of violence in the Chicago area during the 1920s and 1930s. Savelli says this led to his becoming known as most violent gangster in Chicago and perhaps in all of the United States. Capone’s reputation spread far and wide, and his actions strongly influenced the activities of would-be gangsters throughout the country. By the time Prohibition ended in 1933, gangs had become entrenched throughout the country and were widely known for their connections with violent crime. During the 1950s gang-related crime was rampant in a number of U. S. cities, including Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York, and it was steadily growing. Over the following decades gangs became better organized and continued to expand their activities from cities into neighboring communities, as the Justice Department explains: â€Å"The gang members who migrated from urban areas often formed new, neighborhood-based local gangs. These local gangs generally controlled their territories through violence and intimidation. 4 Gang membership—and associated violent crime—continued to grow throughout the rest of the twentieth century and into the twenty-first. Street Gangs and Motorcycle Outlaws Gangs often differ significantly from one another based on membership requirements, structure, and the ages and ethnicity of the members. Two main types that have been identified by law enforcement officials are street gangs and outlaw motorcycle gangs. The Justice Department says that street gangs pose a considerable threat to communities because they are the largest group and also control the greatest geographical area. Therefore,† Justice Department authorities explain, criminal activities such as violence and drug trafficking perpetrated by street gangs pose the greatest threat. The threat becomes magnified as national- and regional-level street gangs migrate from urban areas to suburban and rural communities, expanding their influence in most regions and broadening their presence outside the United States to develop associations with . . . criminal organizations in Mexico, Central America, and Canada. 5 Most street gangs are local-level gangs that operate in single locations while regional-level street gangs are more organized and larger. Some of the largest and most violent street gangs are Hispanic gangs such as MS ­13, 18th Street, Surenos, and Almighty Latin King and Queen Nation (Latin Kings) and the predominately African American gangs Bloods, Crips, and Black P. Stone Nation. Asian gangs such as the Asian Boyz are also developing a reputation as a result of their links to drug trafficking and violent crimes. Though less common than gangs of other racial and ethnic groups, white gangs also pose a threat. The white supremacist street gang Nazi Low-riders has a growing presence in Southern California, Arizona, Colorado, Florida, and Illinois, and members have been connected with a number of racially motivated violent crimes. Outlaw motorcycle gangs also pose a significant threat because they engage in numerous criminal activities, such as trafficking in weapons and drugs, and often commit violent crimes. State and local law enforcement agencies have identified as many as 520 outlaw motorcycle gangs with an estimated total of 20,000 members of various races and ethnicities. The motorcycle gangs that the FBI considers the greatest threat because of criminal activities are the Sons of Silence, Bandidos, Mongols, Hells Angels, and Outlaws. Gangs Behind Bars Just because people are incarcerated, and even sentenced to life in prison, does not necessarily prevent them from engaging in gang activities. According to the Justice Department, prison gangs are highly structured criminal networks that are active within prisons throughout the United States. It adds that as of September 2008, more than 147,000 documented gang members were incarcerated in federal, state, and local correctional facilities. One state where this is a particularly serious problem is Washington. According to a study released in 2009, gang-affiliated inmates are responsible for 43 percent of all violent crimes that are committed in the state’s prisons. The report also states that the Crips are the most represented prison gang, with 2,385 inmate members. Also well known for violence behind bars is the white supremacist gang Aryan Brotherhood and the Latino gangs Barrio Azteca and Mexican Mafia. One gang that has been especially violent in Texas prisons is the Texas Syndicate. In February 2007 federal authorities issued indictments for gang members who were suspected of being responsible for as many as 16 murders outside the state’s prisons, including a triple slaying in 2003. The indictment states: â€Å"It is understood that members and prospects of the TS may receive a telephone call and instructions to commit a murder . . . at any time. Regardless of the member’s friendship or association with the victim, the orders are to be carried out. â€Å"6 Not only are gangs extremely active in prisons, gang members who have been imprisoned are often the gangs’ top leaders. According to Sergeant Jeremy Young, who is a supervisor with the Modesto, California, police street crimes unit, the bottom level of a gang’s chain of command is made up of gangbangers who are the â€Å"soldiers† on the street; the mid-level is composed of the leaders of street crews who run the operation; and the top level are the bosses who are often inside prisons. â€Å"The (gang leaders in the) prisons run the street,† he says. â€Å"A lot of things that start in there end up out here. â€Å"7 Criminal Activities Gangs are involved in a wide range of crimes. These include drug distribution, assault, armed robbery, drive-by shootings, auto theft, identity theft, extortion, weapons trafficking, and homicide. In fact, the National Gang Threat Assessment report says that according to law enforcement officials throughout the United States, criminal gangs commit as much as 80 percent of the crime in many communities. Yet the connection between gangs and crime is a controversial is ­sue. According to the Justice Policy Institute, a Washington, D. C. –based think tank that supports alternatives to incarceration, gang members are not responsible for the biggest share of crime in most jurisdictions. In a July 2007 report, the group states that many crimes committed by gang members are unrelated to gang activity, and reliable data on the extent of gang crime do not exist. The report’s authors write: â€Å"The available evidence indicates that gang members play a relatively small role in the national crime problem. . . . National estimates and local research findings suggest that gang members may be responsible for fewer than one in 10 homicides; fewer than one in 16 violent offenses; and fewer than one in 20 serious . . . crimes. â€Å"8 Gang-Infested Cities Although gangs have a presence in communities all over the United States, the National Gang Center says that the three cities with the most gangs and worst gang-related crime are Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York. According to John S. Pistole, who is the deputy director of the FBI, Los Angeles is â€Å"ground zero for modern gang activity,† with over 400 gangs and an estimated 40,000 gang members. â€Å"Many gangs were born here, a generation ago,† he says. â€Å"But they are no longer limited to Los Angeles. Like a cancer, gangs are spreading to communities across America. â€Å"9 Two other California cities where gang-related crime is increasing are San Diego, where gang-related homicides rose 56 percent between 2006 and 2007, and Salinas, where gang-related homicides increased 125 percent during that same period of time. Gangs are also a serious problem in Hartford, Connecticut, and Camden, New Jersey. And Pistole adds that gangs are becoming more active in many other cities including Baltimore, Houston, Washington, D. C. , Denver, Atlanta, Indianapolis, New Orleans, and Omaha, Nebraska. High-Tech Gangbanging The Internet has opened up a whole new way for gangbangers to recruit new members. As a February 2007 ABC News report states: â€Å"By posting online content that glorifies the thug lifestyle, gangs are using the Web to recruit—some using children as young as 8 years old as part of the on ­line recruiting process, known as ‘Net Banging. ‘†10 Sometimes rival gang members spar with each other online, proudly displaying their gang colors, tattoos, and gang hand signs in photos. They also use the Internet to schedule fights with each other as well as brag about crimes that they have committed. By monitoring these sites, federal and state law enforcement officials can track gang activity. Cell phones also play a crucial role in gang operations. Gangbangers communicate with each other by sending text messages, and it is not uncommon for them to use multiple phones that they discard after they have completed criminal operations such as drug trafficking. The Justice Department offers an example: â€Å"The leader of an African American street gang operating on the north side of Milwaukee used more than 20 cell phones to coordinate drug-related activities of the gang: most were prepaid phones that the leader routinely discarded and replaced. 11 Why Do Young People Join Gangs? Law enforcement professionals say that the issue of why kids join gangs is complex. According to the Justice Policy Institute, no single risk factor or set of factors can accurately predict which young people will become gang members. One of the most common reasons kids join gangs is that they are from broken homes and desperately want to be part of a family-like group, and they perceive gangs as bei ng able to provide that. Brandon Robinson grew up in a housing project in Kansas City, Missouri. As a participant in a 2007 survey about gangs, he told interviewers that many of those who join share the commonality of being from poverty-stricken, dysfunctional backgrounds. â€Å"You got family members on crack and you ain’t eating right,† he says. â€Å"Everybody’s hungry. â€Å"12 According to Robinson, gang members look out for each other, help feed each other, and stick up for each other, much like a family would. â€Å"That’s when you start loving your street,†13 he says. Other reasons for joining gangs include the lure of having money to spend (from stealing or selling drugs), easy access to drugs, and protection from the dangers of the street and rival gangs. Yet many criminal justice experts say that being part of a gang does not keep kids safer at all. In fact, studies have shown that young people who are involved with gangs have a markedly higher likelihood of being injured or killed than those who are not gang-affiliated. Girl Gangs Traditionally, gangs have been dominated by males and that is still true today. But the Justice Department states that female involvement in gangs is on the upswing. A May 2008 study by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention found that in high-crime neighborhoods nearly 30 percent of girls surveyed claimed that they were members of gangs. The report ranked â€Å"young females as the fastest growing offenders in the national juvenile justice population. â€Å"14 One city that has experienced growing problems with girl gangs is Flint, Michigan. Gina Nyovane, a 22-year-old graduate of Flint Northwestern High School, has observed girl gangs in her former school and throughout the city. She says that these gangs are becoming more widespread and more violent, as she explains: â€Å"I hear it all the time. Girls are quick to pull a gun out, faster than a guy. â€Å"15 Over Labor Day weekend in 2009, members of a girl gang called the Goonies followed a car that was carrying members of a rival gang, the Dufflebacks. A young man traveling with the Goonies fired six shots at the other car, killing an 18-year-old male passenger and wounding the female driver. Can People Leave the Gang Life Behind? The common view is that people who join gangs are never allowed to leave them. The Justice Policy Institute says its research has found that gang membership is not a â€Å"one-way street† and that the typical gang member is active for a year or less. The group explains: â€Å"This myth is perpetuated not only by the media but also by gang members who exaggerate the stakes of membership in order to underscore the importance and permanence of their collective bond. â€Å"16 Yet many people say that joining a gang is a lifetime commitment, and the only way someone can leave is by dying or going to prison. Former gang member Hashim Garrett was 15 years old when he was shot six times in the back and legs. Today he struggles to walk and must use forearm crutches because his right leg is paralyzed. In a speech to students at a middle school in 2008, Garrett addressed the realities of gang life: â€Å"They say they’re like your family, but your loved ones don’t ask much of you. Come home on time, clean up your room, be polite, eat your vegetables. The gang’s going to ask more than that. Hold this gun. Hold these drugs. Prove you’re wild. Maybe kill somebody. † He adds that most gang members want to quit the gang but are too afraid to do so. If you join the football team and you don’t like the coach, you can quit. You can’t quit a gang that easy. â€Å"17 Can Gang Violence Be Stopped? Controlling gang proliferation and gang-related crime is one of the most significant challenges facing law enforcement officials every day of the year. Federal agencies such as the FBI and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives have partnere d with state and local police departments throughout the United States in an effort to bring down gangs and put an end to their crime sprees. In many cities, the focus is on eliminating the leadership of gang enterprises. According to Pistole, the goal is to do more than just disrupt their activities—it is to â€Å"dismantle them entirely. † He explains: Taking apart a gang is like demolishing a building. Hacking away at individual walls and beams might damage the building, but it doesn’t destroy it. But using federal drug and racketeering statutes is akin to dynamiting the foundation. Once the gang’s leadership infrastructure implodes, all members are weakened. It becomes difficult for the group to operate. Eventually, it crumbles. And so our strategy is to prosecute as many gang leaders, members, and associates as possible so there are no pieces left which are large enough to allow the gang to rebuild. 18 How Serious a Problem Are Gangs? â€Å"Following a marked decline from the mid-1990s to the early 2000s, a steady resurgence of gang problems has occurred in recent years. † —James C. Howell, Arlen Egley Jr. , and Christina O’Donnell, research associates with the National Gang Center. â€Å"Wherever MS-13 goes, violence follows. Gang members have carried out beheadings and grenade attacks in Central America and have hacked people with machetes in cities along the East Coast in the United States. † —Jessica M. Vaughan and John D. Feere, policy analysts with the Center for Immigration Studies. For people in many areas of the world, including the United States, gang violence is a harsh reality of life. According to the U. S. Department of Justice, the problem in America is growing worse. The Justice Department estimates that the number of gang members totaled about 1 million as of September 2008, which was an increase from 800,000 in 2005. One reason gangs continue to grow larger and more powerful is that they are fostering relationships with criminal organizations in Mexico, Central America, and Canada. This has led to a proliferation of drugs and weapons being smuggled across the U. S. border as well as an influx of illegal aliens who join gangs. To emphasize the seriousness of America’s gang violence, FBI director John Pistole tells the story of a young woman who was working at a Los Angeles outdoor market in September 2007. Her newborn son, Luis, was beside her is his stroller. Members of the 18th Street gang approached one of the market’s vendors, telling him that he could not sell his goods in their territory unless he paid them rent. He had steadfastly refused to meet their demands in the past, and when he continued to do so at the market, gang members drew their guns and opened fire on him. The man survived, but Luis did not. A stray bullet struck the baby and killed him instantly. Pistole says that this tragic incident is indicative of what is happening throughout the country: â€Å"In too many neighborhoods, too many young people are recruited into gangs. They fall into a life of crime, drugs, and violence. They shoot each other, with no regard to the innocent bystanders caught in the crossfire. Crime and violence are not confined to their cliques, but have a chilling effect on entire communities. â€Å"19 A Ruthlessly Vicious Gang Of all the gangs known to law enforcement, Mara Salvatrucha, or MS ­13, is one of the most violent. It started as a small Los Angeles street gang formed during the 1980s by immigrants from El Salvador. Now, however, it is among the largest and most dangerous gangs in the United States and Central America. According to the Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), MS-13 has â€Å"mushroomed into the size of a small army† and â€Å"strives to be the most violent and feared gang in the world. â€Å"20 ICE states that MS-13 members have been convicted of murder, assault, extortion, kidnapping, theft, drug dealing, rape, robbery, and other violent crimes. One city that is plagued by the violence of MS-13 is Houston, Texas. Although larger gangs are active in the city, the FBI considers MS-13 to be â€Å"of particular concern because members are often heavily armed and well trained in the use of weapons and assault tactics. 21 In January 2009 MS-13 gang members robbed a Houston beauty salon at gunpoint and sexually assaulted an employee. They warned her not to go to the police, saying that if she did she would regret it. They also threatened the salon owner, telling her that they would kill her if she reported the incident, and they demanded that she pay them a weekly p rotection fee of $100. The salon owner was terrified—but she was also angry. She had seen the same kinds of crimes committed in her native El Salvador, and she was determined to fight to keep them from happening in her adopted country. Even though she feared for her life and the lives of her family members, she went to the FBI and told agents what happened. During that visit she turned over a security surveillance tape that showed the gang members’ faces. About a week later the woman had not paid the protection money. In retaliation, two MS-13 gangbangers drove by the salon and sprayed the front door with bullets—but they did not get away with the violent act. Because of the tapes and the salon owner’s cooperation, the FBI agents arrested seven members of the gang. As one agent explains: â€Å"This case is proof that victims of crime should not suffer in silence. He adds that the salon owner, who was placed in protective custody by the FBI, â€Å"was courageous to stand up to gang members, and as a result those gang members are now in jail. â€Å"22 Violent Communities Located on the shores of Lake Michigan, Chicago is often called one of America’s most beautiful cities. With its tree -lined neighborhoods of stately brownstone homes, the â€Å"Magnificent Mile† shopping district, prolific theaters and restaurants, and world-renowned museums, the city attracts tourists from many different countries—yet it also has a dark and dangerous side. Law enforcement officials estimate that 50 to 60 gangs are active in Chicago and that together, they have as many as 30,000 members. Armed gangbangers roam the streets of the South Side of Chicago, committing crimes and terrorizing the people who live there. A chilling testament to this gang violence is evident in one of the city’s lesser-known monuments: an arrangement of more than 150 landscaping stones, each bearing the name of a school-age child killed by gang violence since 2007. Police superintendent Jody Weis states that Chicago youth have become increasingly more violent over the years. He explains: â€Å"There’s simply too many gangs, too many guns and too many drugs on the streets. We’ve got a problem with some of our young people . . . resorting to use of weapons and violence to solve any type of conflicts they may have. â€Å"23 Chicago has had a problem with gang violence for many years, but public outrage was sparked in 2007 when a 16-year-old honors student named Blair Holt was killed. Holt, who was not involved with a gang, was riding in a city bus with a friend when members of rival gangs started shooting at each other. He attempted to shield his friend by pushing her down into a seat. His heroic act saved her life, but he was fatally shot in the stomach. Afterward, his father, a Chicago police officer, expressed his despair and frustration over gangs who do not think twice about killing people: â€Å"You wonder where it comes from. What causes a child to wantonly and blatantly hatch such an ill-conceived plan? To go out and do something like this? What makes them do it? Where is this coming from? What are the influences? â€Å"24 Chicago is far from alone in its ongoing struggle with gang violence. It is prevalent in communities all over the country. In South Carolina, for instance, the rate of gang violence has risen nearly 1,000 percent over the past decade, with the highest number of incidents reported in Colleton County. Although Colleton County is home to just 38,000 people, law enforcement investigators have identified about 20 active gangs with an estimated total of 400 members. According to Sheriff George Malone, â€Å"The violence in Colleton County is out of control. â€Å"25 One incident occurred in November 2009 in the small town of Walterboro. A group of people were playing cards in the front yard of their home when a car pulled up and suddenly opened fire on the group. A 20-month-old toddler and 2 adults were killed; 6 others were injured. Gangs in the Military According to the Justice Department, gang activity is on the upswing in the military. Members of every major street gang and some outlaw motorcycle gangs have been identified on both domestic and international military bases. One incident involved three soldiers stationed in Alaska who were charged with murder after killing a civilian as they shot at members of a rival gang. Another involved a soldier who was arrested in October 2007 for the gang-related shooting of five people in Oklahoma. A 2009 Yale Law Journal article describes one case in which a marine sergeant who was a gang member â€Å"shot his commanding officer and executive officer—both lieutenant colonels—and threatened to continue killing officers until his fellow gang members were released from confinement. â€Å"26 While on active duty, gang members may abuse their security privileges and access to weapons and other military equipment to further gang activities. For instance, military gang members may take advantage of their positions to engage in criminal acts such as trafficking illicit drugs or weapons. According to the same article, a gang member in the army who was stationed in Iraq smuggled home four AK ­47 assault rifles that were later used to commit multiple bank robberies. After gang members have been discharged from the military, they remain a serious threat to society. They can use their combat skills against rival gangs and also teach those skills to others. The Justice Department says that this poses a â€Å"potentially significant threat,† as it explains: â€Å"Gang members with military training pose a unique threat to law enforcement personnel because of the distinctive military skills that they possess . . especially if gang members trained in weapons, tactics, and planning pass this instruction on to other gang members. â€Å"27 The Justice Department adds that such military training could ultimately result in more organized, sophisticated, and dangerous gangs as well as an increase of deadly assaults on law enforcement officers. Incarcerated Gangs Incarce rated gang members are every bit as threatening as those who are on the streets because gang members who are behind bars often control crimes that are committed outside of prison. One example is the Mexican Mafia (also known as the Eme), a violent prison gang with as many as 75,000 members. The incarcerated leaders rule over associates who are given the authority to order crimes in neighborhoods or cities. Tony Rafael, the author of the book The Mexican Mafia, explains: â€Å"Street gangsters very often are puppets of the big homies locked up in prison. The proof is overwhelming and plays itself out on an almost daily basis in almost every neighborhood in Southern California. â€Å"28 Members of the Mexican Mafia and their associates have been connected with kidnapping, murder, drug trafficking, and extortion, among other crimes. According to Rafael, the gang has grown into a large, powerful, and violent organization. He writes: â€Å"It has far-reaching intelligence and communications systems, as well as a standing army of thousands of street soldiers. â€Å"29 Rafael adds that the Mexican Mafia continues to expand its power over street crime: â€Å"Most neighborhoods in Southern California that have a strong Hispanic street gang presence feel the power of the Mexican Mafia. It took local and state law enforcement over twenty years from the founding of the Mexican Mafia to recognize its influence on the streets. It took another two decades for federal law enforcement to address the Eme as a significant criminal organization. â€Å"30 Aside from controlling crime on the streets, these gangs are also involved in violent acts inside prisons. This is a serious problem in Ohio, where attacks in state prisons have doubled from nearly 500 in 2005 to more than 1,000 during 2008. Corrections officials say that part of the increase in violence is due to an influx of gangs such as the Heartless Felons, who are known for attacking prisoners in bands of six or more. Some of the worst violence has broken out at Mansfield Reformatory, a prison built for 1,536 inmates that now houses 2,475–161 percent over capacity. â€Å"These are dangerous times,† says Shirley Pope, the director of the state’s Correctional Institutional Inspection Committee. â€Å"Mansfield is overcrowded. It is understaffed and on top of that, it has this peculiar group of younger inmates who have been described as incredibly vicious. An Ongoing Problem Whether they are terrorizing people in neighborhoods, committing crimes while in the military, or reigning over street crime from inside prisons, gangs are a significant problem all over the United States. Law enforcement officials report that gangs now have a presence in every U. S. state and the District of Columbia, and gang membership appears to be growing. According to reports from local, state, and federal authorities, there is no sign that this situation will change anytime in the near future. How to cite Jhkjjk, Papers

Arturo Vivantes Can-Can Use of Irony free essay sample

He wasnt simply going out for a drive, as he had said, but going to a cafe, to meet Sarah, whom his wife knew but did not suspect, and with her went to a house on a lake his wife knew nothing about — a summer cottage to which he had the key. Well, goodbye, he said. Bye, she called back, still dancing. This wasnt the way a husband expected his wife — whom he was about leave at home to go to another woman — to behave at all, he thought. He expected her to be sewing or washing, not doing the can-can, for Gods sake. Yes, doing something uninteresting and unattractive, like darning children’s clothes. She had no stockings on, no shoes, and her legs looked very white and smooth, secret, as though he had never touched them or come near them. Her feet, swinging up and down high in the air, seemed to nodding to him. We will write a custom essay sample on Arturo Vivantes Can-Can: Use of Irony or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She held her skirt bunched up, attractively. Why was she doing that of all times now? He lingered. 7 Her eyes had mockery in them, and she laughed. The child laughed with her as she danced. She was still dancing as he left the house. He thought of the difficulties he had had arranging this rendezvous — going out to a call box; phoning Sarah at her office (she was married, too); her being out; his calling her again; the busy signal; the coin falling out of sight; his opening the door of the phone box in order to retrieve it; at last getting her on the line; her asking him to call again next week; finally setting a date. Waiting for her at the cafe, he surprised himself hoping that she wouldnt come. The appointment was at three. It was now ten past. Well, she was often late. He looked at the clock, and at the picture window for her car. A car like hers, and yet not hers — no luggage rack on it. The smooth hardtop gave him a peculiar pleasure. Why? It was 3:15 now. Perhaps she wouldnt come. No, if she was going to come at all, this was the most likely time for her to arrive. Twenty past. Ah, now there was some hope. Hope? How strange he should be hoping for her absence. Why had he made the appointment if he was hoping she would miss it? He didnt know why, but simpler, simpler if she didnt come. Because all he wanted now was to smoke that cigarette, drink that cup of coffee for the sake of them, and not to give himself something to do. And he wished he could go for a drive, free and easy, as he had said he would. But he waited and at 3:30 she arrived. I had almost given up hope, he said. They drove to the house on the lake. As he held her in his arms he couldnt think of her; for the life of him he couldnt. â€Å"What are you thinking about? she said afterwards, sensing his detachment. For a moment he didnt answer, then he said. You really want to know what I was thinking of† Yes, she said, a little anxiously. He suppressed a laugh, as though what he was going to tell her was too absurd or silly. I was thinking of someone doing the can-can. Oh, she said, reassured. For a moment I was afraid you were thinking of your wife. † Assignments 1. What is the can-can? 2. What does the husband do for a living? 3. Is he a hard worker? 4. Whom is the husband going to meet? 5. Does the wife suspect her husband of adultery? 6. Why was it so difficult for the husband and Sarah to arrange a meeting? How is it emphasized in the text? 7. What is the husbands state of mind as he sits waiting for his lover? 8. What happened when the husband and his lover reached their rendezvous? 9. What was the husbands lover concerned about? 10. Is she reassured by his answer to her question? 11. How would you feel if your spouse cheated on you. Do you sympathize with any of the characters the husband, the wife, or the mistress? 12. Try to understand why the characters act as they do and what thoughts about life A. Vivante is attempting to convey in the story. Look carefully at the way he uses language to express his ideas. 13. What is the significance of the can-can story? 14. Does the wife do the can-can for her child or her husband? Explain your answer? 15. What effect does the dance have on her husband? How is the reader made to feel it? 16. How does the author help the reader perceive his state of mind? Comment on the role of the narrative method in the story. 17. What do the couple expect from each other in marriage? Does each fulfill the others expectations? 18. Irony is embedded in Can-Can, with respect both to the situations in which the characters find themselves and to their comments and thoughts. For example, Vivante writes of the husband as he sits waiting for his lovers car. A car like hers, and yet not like hers no luggage rack on it. The smooth hardtop gave him a peculiar pleasure. Here we have an ironic contrast between the husbands earlier excited anticipation of the meeting and his surprising feeling of relief that it is not his lovers car arriving. Pick out and explain other examples of irony in the story. 9. What does the can-can symbolize in the story? 20. In the scene where the wife does the can-can, hew does the language reinforce the symbol? 21. What theme in the story is highlighted by the symbolic dance? 22. Do you think the expectations the couple have of each other are reasonable? 23. Do you think the husband will continue the affair? 24. Should the husband have left the restaurant when he had the opportunity? 25. Have the husband and wife learned anything from the episode? 26. What do you imagine their marriage will be like in the future? Irony. A mode of expression, through words (verbal irony) or events (irony of situation), conveying a reality different from and usually opposite to appearance or expectation. A writer may say the opposite of what he means, create a reversal between expectation and its fulfillment, or give the audience knowledge that the character lacks, making the characters words have meaning to the audience not perceived by the character. In verbal irony, the writers meaning or even his attitude may be different from what he says: â€Å"Why, no one would dare argue that there could be anything more important in choosing a college than its proximity to the beach. An example of situational irony would occur if a professional pickpocket had his own pocket picked just as he was in the act of picking someone elses pocket. The irony is generated by the surprise recognition by the audience of a reality in contrast with expectation or appearance, while another audience, victim, or character puts confidence in t he appearance as reality (in this case, the pickpocket doesn’t expect his own pocket to be picked). The surprise recognition by the audience often produces a comic effect, making irony often funny. Dramatic irony is created by the discrepancy between what a character believes or says and what the reader or audience member knows to be true (the audience has knowledge that gives additional meaning to a characters words). Irony may be achieved by simulated adoption of anothers point of view for the purpose of revealing certain weaknesses, or for the purpose of ridicule and sarcasm.

Mail Vs. Femail Communication Styles Essays - Communication, Gender

Mail Vs. Femail Communication Styles MAIL .VS. FEMAIL COMMUNICATION STYLES You say the glass is half-empty; I say the glass is half full. This is the way people communicate daily on a personal level or professional level. Effective communication however, is the ultimate key. As we know, communication is carried on all over the world, in many different languages, slangs, and dialects that have developed over time through the communication process. Perhaps the most obvious difference in achieving effective communication is seen in any culture, or race between males and females. Though not as obvious or radical as two different languages, it is a difference that can be equated to such. Males and females have definite different communication styles, and as a result, we respond differently under various professional, social, and personal situations. Like the book title implies, Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus we are very different. We are not from different planets, but why does it seem that way? We are raised under different norms. Is it wrong that we raise our boys and girls differently? That is a question that stems back many years and cannot be answered in this paper. Historic traditions instilled inside all of us that are unconsciously passed down through generation after generation, makes us the people that we are. The key word is UNCONSCIOUSLY. It is part of our culture to treat the sexes differently. In most cultures women have been raised to be more passive than men, and this trait usually sticks with them all through life. From grade school on up, women have been the quiet ones. In school, guys were the ones being loud and obnoxious (remember throwing rocks and dirt at the girls.) Little did they know, that was the male way of saying I am here, notice me, or I really like you. Girls would respond with a smile to the guys or say he is so stupid to her friends. They use this as a shield for their real feelings and a way of communication. Do males really understand the true message? You bet they do; therefore, it can be perceived as a Morse Code, effectively translated with message well taken. Starting from the very beginning of our social careers, we have begun establishing different ways of saying the same thing. Carrying the norms learned from childhood, the same ideas can continue on into adulthood. Though there are exceptions to the rules, it still continues. Relationships are another area where the line of communication can be extremely different. Once the relationship has left the starting blocks, and the male, female relationship has been established, communication differences immediately can be recognized. Guys have to give off a vibe at all times like we have everything under control. Prime example, asking for directions. Just to save face, we will drive 100 extra miles out of the way rather than ask for directions. Women on the other would hand have no problem asking for help, saving time, gas, and stress. That action stems back to women's submissive nature instilled during childhood, where as guys dominance, also instilled from childhood, needs to prevail so he can feel as though he has conquered the mountain. His actions say to her that he is stubborn, has too much male pride, and is too willing to fight a needless war. Whereas her actions say to him, that she is weak, throws in the towel early, and unwilling to conquer. Communication is the backbone of life. From inception to demise, it is necessary through all facets of life. Males and females are no exception to the rules, their communication is also very important. Not to say that one is better that the other, it's just different. It is the difference that can be seen all over the world in every social set and has deep rooted traditions. As Anna Quindlen said in Between the Sexes, A Great Divide Men are the other. We are the other too of course sums up our different styles. It explains and justifies actions that we may not understand from one another. It does not explain it in plain meaning, it gives you a reason to interpret what you may not understand. The

Summary of Report Card Essay Example

Summary of Report Card Essay Example Summary of Report Card Essay Summary of Report Card Essay State Report Card Assessment Name: Instructor: State Report Card Assessment Summary of Report Card The Arbor Hill Elementary School located in Albany uses report cards to evaluate the progress of students during their study period. The school is administered by a Board of Regents who uses this assessment tool in a significant way to improve the learning standards for all learners. The report cards offer a wealth of information to the parents on the condition of elementary school using the federal and state accountability systems, on learner progress, and other measures used to evaluate the performance in the district and school. Knowledge obtained from the Arbor Hill report card is varied, detailed and important in enriching the instruction process among students. There are three main sections of the Arbor Hill Elementary School Report Card. The first part of the report card contains information on the school. The school profile contained information on the rate of enrollment of students from pre kindergarten to grade 12. From the records, it was evident that there was a steady increase in the enrollment rate from 231 in 2008 to 363 in 2011. The average class size also increased significantly from 14 in 2008 to 21 in 2011. This first section also contained information on the demographic factors including students who were eligible to have free meals, student stability and other statistics. The attendance and suspension statistics revealed information on the number of children who attended classes and those who were penalized through suspensions. Apart from these aspects, the other subsections included teacher qualifications, staff counts and the teacher turnover rates. The second section of the report card handles the accountability issues in the school. In this section, the requirements for the school of testing proficiency in mathematics, English language and another indicator are outlined. The proficiency parameters included criterion for participation and performance. The last section outlines the academic performance of the school and included records from the 2010-2011 academic years. The performance was categorized according to the three subjects: mathematics, English language and science. This data was presented in the form of graphs and tables that analyzed all the grades in the school. This summary and analysis of the report cards displays the extent to which valuable information can be gleaned from children’s activities at the school. Student Development Program Introduction This intervention program document provides direction on the best approach to develop and revise any plans for student improvement such as Single Plan for Student Achievement (SPSA). Although schools and districts in Albany may have different names for this plan document, this plan offers details that are necessary for improving subject performance among students in all schools. This document also offers instruments for formulating and reviewing the SPSA, including sections that assist in aligning the costs with the allocated funds awarded to Arbor Hill Elementary School and a yearly assessment form. Seven Recommended Steps for Developing the School Intervention Plan Apart from accomplishing the essential parts that appear in all school plans, the school intervention plan must satisfy the precise necessities of each definite program running in the school. The school intervention plan entails a constant formulation, execution, and observation cycle. The starting and completion date of the yearly planning cycle is a domestic decision. Nevertheless, every institution needs to implement an approved plan that will guide the operations within the school. The seven steps of this constant cycle are: Analyzing the student progress information The school intervention plan is based on analysis of data retrieved from students’ activities and other tests and evaluations such as the Standardized Testing and Reporting (STAR) assessments and other federal assessments. Using this information from several grades, the LEA and SSC can retrieve numerous data on student weaknesses, individual contributions and teachers’ flaws. Measuring effectiveness of current academic strategies at Arbor Hill Elementary School The school needs to carry out a needs assessment that will determine the effectiveness of the current instructional program. The results of the needs assessment will be evaluated against state tools such as Academic Program Surveys that will establish whether the program is relevant or not. Establishment of key goals and improvement strategies The school should come up with realistic and achievable objectives and targets concerning the intervention program. These objectives should be in line with the LEA goals but still reflect the interests of the school. Defining the timelines, costs and funding procedure Each of the goals set by the school requires a similar action prescribed by the SSC and LEA. Apart from an action, each goal also requires to b allocated to an individual who will be responsible for its completion, the source of funding and the costs involved. Recommending the reading intervention plan to the board After all the relevant committees have assessed and reviewed the document, they present the document to the local governing board who conduct their own evaluation. This evaluation is important, as it will determine whether the document will be approved for implementation or it will be faulted. The board assesses the document for several elements including proper constitutions, legal validity and ascertaining whether all the necessary programs were included in the document. Planned Development in Student Performance The Arbor Hill Elementary School has assessed the educational performance of all learning groups and has taken in mind the efficiency of vital elements of the teaching program for students that failed to achieve the academic performance index benchmark and satisfactory annual progress growth goals. Consequently, the school has adopted several objectives, related measures, and expenditures to improve the educational performance of learners that failed to achieve the state standards. One of the goals for THE Local Education Authority (LEA) can be to ascertain that all students would attain proficiency in English language Arts by 2014. The goal for Arbor Hill Elementary School can be to improve the school’s proficiency average to 70% or more. These goals were set after analyzing data from the District ELA Benchmark Assessments. Improvements across the whole school in understanding comprehension were realized over a period of three years under the intervention program. However, accomplishments for the English students group in understanding comprehension has remained constantly dismal, particularly for learners at the CELDT transitional and premature advanced stages, based on analysis of CST results. The Arbor Hill Elementary School will evaluate the status of the objective on a monthly basis. More of this evaluation process will be elaborated in the strategy section. The strategy for the school to implement the plan to improve academic performance is to implement an institution-wide studying intervention program to tackle the academic needs of readers who are weak as categorized by district benchmark assessments. The literacy team members are responsible for determining weak readers and identifying, assessing and choosing an academic intervention programs that are developed for the individual literacy requirements of English learners and weak students and will include continuing evaluations of student development. The exact responsibilities of the literacy team are to gather and scrutinize summative and formative information on ELA issues at the school and district level. A minor function of the literacy team is to recognize learners from each grade who required reading interventions and their specific literacy requirements. The next step is the implementation and assessment of the intervention program. This part of the program will be administered by a joint effort consisting of the literacy team and the leadership team. While it is headed by a joint team, the two parties have separate roles in the implementation stage. The literacy team is charged with the responsibility of formulating reading intervention resources and materials. It is also charged with acquiring complementary instructional materials and standard evaluations. Consequently, the leadership team is responsible for developing intervention program targets, service models, and instruction and learning expectations and results. They are also responsible for analysis and evaluation of district standardized benchmark assessments and intervention programs. The assessment of the intervention program will be conducted on several stages. On a daily basis, the instructors should offer additional reading material and attention for students who are below average or intermediate. On a weekly basis, the teams in charge of all the grades will have collaborative meetings where they engage in analysis of the data collected from the intervention program and develop action plans using the outcomes from these analyses. The program being implemented will also be evaluated on a monthly basis. Finally, on an annual basis, the teams will evaluate the intervention program objectives and determine if they were being realized or if the whole program was a failure. Within the intervention plan, several programs that make the plan more effective are include. These programs are implemented at the state and federal level and are detailed in nature. Examples of these programs include peer assistance, economic aid, violence prevention and drug abuse. Evaluation Process The state has outlined the measures to be taken when handling planned activities and this includes evaluating the effectiveness of the intervention program on an annual basis. This evaluation program is important as it will release data on the program and pave the way for other subsequent programs. These state bodies include School Site Council (SSC) and the Local Education Agency (LEA) who offer investigation and review the services of the intervention program before making recommendations on its validity and continuity. Through this evaluation process, schools such as Arbor Hill Elementary School can determine the weak points within their program and strive to refine their system. Typically, the reports from these institutions may include the degree of achievement of goals and the comparison with state and national standards. However, both the LEA and SSC have to be careful in making conclusions from the evaluations they perform. They should consider all the relevant elements that can influence the success of the intervention plan such as the level of change in enrollment and the degree of implementation. The proper implementation of the reading intervention plan will benefit the students by increasing their level of understanding and ease the instructors’ burden in the classroom.

Performance Management Problem Solving Research Paper

Performance Management Problem Solving - Research Paper Example This may occur when an organization releases products to the market without carrying out satisfactory tests for quality. This can cause considerable loss to market share of an organization. Performance management system is important in addressing such organizational problems. Benchmarking forms one of the most crucial components of the performance management system of many organizations. The benchmarking of performance index of products and services, processes, and performance gauges is effectively done using the statistical process control (SPC). The paper will present a discussion of performance index benchmarking by considering the statistical process control (SPC), Six-Sigma concept, and total quality management (TQM), in an effort to realize customer satisfaction. A case example of Hills Industries is discussed to emphasize performance-related problem solving tactics. Problem statement The problem to be addressed was indentified through the process of undertaking a study on the major factors that helps business managers in monitoring and managing their businesses. The study indicates that customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction is the major indicator of market perceptions and trends (Draghici & Petcu, 2010). This leads to the identification of customer dissatisfaction, as a problem, which can be addressed through the six-sigma methodology approach of problem solving. Managers can also identify a problem through time-evaluated approach by visiting places where actual production take place, delivery points or customers’ facilities to gain first-hand observation of how production is carried out and use of manufactured products. The organization can conduct consumer surveys on its products. The organization can select its customers on a random basis and administer questionnaires or conduct telephone interviews in order to gauge its satisfaction with its latest products or services. The company must respond to customer complaints. This is because custom ers tend to evaluate the complaint response in the current condition of dissatisfaction with organizations transactions. Even for customers who are satisfied, failure of transaction can occur. This is an indication that there exists overall evaluation of satisfaction with relationship when the customer encounters a problem transaction or a company’s response to complaint (Riesenberger & Sousa, 2010). Addressing customer dissatisfaction problem requires a problem identification technique that gives an analysis of the current product status. This helps in developing a management intervention useful in guiding the organization towards achieving the desired state in the future. The customer dissatisfaction problem can be identified using the benchmarking, statistical process control (SPC) or a time-evaluated management-by-walking around. SPC is more useful in recurrent manufacturing settings although can also be applicable to any service delivery organization. An effective SPC pr ogram helps managers become aware of how operational processes are performing and anomalies that may arise during the production process, which ultimately affect process outputs. SPC helps to identify flaws in performance. Identification of performance outliers in the course of production may inspire the organization to make necessary changes in the process and product in order to improve customer satisfaction. The SPC helps to benchmark a performance index. The statistical approach must take into account the effects of